History of Russia from the Earliest Times. Volumes 11, 12

37 hrs. 13 min.

Language Russian

Author Sergey Solovyov

Narrator Vyacheslav Gerasimov

Volume 11. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich (1645–1676)

Volume 11. Contents

Contents of book 6
Chapter 01. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
Hetman and metropolitan elections in Little Russia. — Negotiations with Teteria in Moscow. — Kikin’s embassy to Little Russia. — Vyhovsky plans treason. — His alliance with the Crimean khan. — The khan’s relations with Moscow and affairs in the Don. — Vyhovsky and Lesnitsky stir up the Cossacks against the Tsar. — The embassy of Matveyev and Ragozin to Vyhovsky; Vyhovsky’s envoys Menevsky and Korobka in Moscow. — The Zaporozhian Cossacks complain to the Tsar about Vyhovsky. — The question of the voivodes. — Khitrovo in Little Russia and the Pereyaslav Council. — The Poltava colonel Pushkar against Vyhovsky. — His reports to the Tsar. — Lesnitsky in Moscow. — Vyhovsky with the Tatars marches against Pushkar. — The latter’s death. — Vyhovsky gives in to the Polish king. — Military actions near Kyiv. — The division of Little Russia and internecine strife. — Joy in Poland. — Twenty-one reasons why Tsar Alexei could not be chosen as successor to Jan-Kazimir. — Matveyev’s efforts to bring Lithuania over to the Tsar’s side. — Relations with Poland. — Vilna assemblies (conferences). — Hostile movements of Polish troops. — Dolgorukiy’s victory over Gonsevsky and the latter’s capture. — Moscow’s difficult situation. — Ordin-Nashchokin and his reformist plans. — Struggle in Little Russia. — Trubetskoy’s campaign. His instructions regarding agreements with Vyhovsky. — The Battle of Konotop. — Terror in Moscow. — Vyhovsky’s actions and his correspondence with Trubetskoy. — Affairs in Crimea. — The actions of the Don Cossacks. — The fall of Vyhovsky. — Yuriy Khmelnytsky—hetman. — Negotiations with Sweden. — A quarrel between Nashchokin and Khovansky. — The Valiesar armistice. — The escape of Ordin-Nashchokin’s son abroad and the father’s correspondence with the Tsar about this matter. — Kardis Peace.
Chapter 02. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
Relations with the new hetman; refusal of his requests. — Hostile actions and negotiations with the Poles. — Defeat of Prince Khovansky near Polonka. — Dolgorukiy’s military actions near Mogilev. — Correspondence between Benevsky and Yuriy Khmelnytsky. — Sheremetev and Khmelnytsky’s march toward Lviv. — Military actions near Lyubar. — Sheremetev’s retreat to Chudnov. — Khmelnytsky handed over to the Poles. — Sheremetev’s surrender and captivity in Crimea. — Moscow’s condition after news of the Chudnov misfortune. — Bad news from the Don. — A quarrel among voivodes in Little Russia. — Moscow publishes news about military affairs for Europe. — Negotiations between Benevsky and Khmelnytsky in Korsun. — Black Council. — Pavel Teteria. — Movements on the eastern bank of the Dnieper in favor of Moscow. — The appointed hetman Samko. — Zaporozhian Cossacks, Serko, and Bryukhovetsky. — Poltev’s embassy to Little Russia. — Military actions here. — The reason for their cessation. — Turmoil in Little Russia: Samko, Zolotarenko, and Bryukhovetsky seek hetmanship. — Protasyev’s embassy to Little Russia. — Samko advises that the western bank be ceded to Poland and that a Great Russian official be constantly present under the hetman of Little Russia. — Reports against Samko. — Bishop Mephodiy. — Invasion of the Crimeans. — The Kozelets Council. — Reports by Samko and his supporters against Zolotarenko and Mephodiy against Samko; Bryukhovetsky reports too—against Samko and Zolotarenko—and demands Rtishchev be made prince of Little Russia. — Samko’s exonerating charter. — Renewal of military actions in Little Russia. — Khmelnytsky lays down the hetmanship and becomes a monk. — Teteria—the hetman of the western side. — Continued struggle between those seeking hetmanship on the eastern side. — Church civil strife together with political one. — Ladyzhensky’s embassy to Little Russia. — Nizhyn Council: Bryukhovetsky is elected; execution of his opponents. — Dissatisfaction in the Ukraine. — Khitrovo’s defeat near Kushliky. — Loss of Grodno, Mogilev, Vilna. — Fate of the Vilna voivode, Prince Danila Myshetsky. — The sad condition of the Tsar’s army in Belarus. — Peace negotiations. — Exchange of prisoners. — The tragic death of Gonsevsky. — The king plans to cross to the eastern bank of the Dnieper. Actions by the Moscow voivode Kasogov and Serko in the south. — Stirring in Zaporozhian Sich. — Kasogov’s letter to Moscow. — Alarm in Little Russia due to the king’s campaign. — Negotiations of the clerk Bashmakov with the hetman and starshyna. — Invasion of the king on the eastern side and his failure. — Military actions on the western side. — Vyhovsky’s scheme and his death. — Imprisonment of Metropolitan Iosif Tukalsky. — The condition of the Tsar’s forces in Little Russia. — Enmity between Bryukhovetsky and Bishop Mephodiy and the cities. — Complaints of the soldiery against Bryukhovetsky. — His exonerating letter to Khitrovo. — Bryukhovetsky demands a Great Russian churchman for the Kyiv metropolitanate and announces his arrival in Moscow.
Chapter 03. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
Bryukhovetsky’s arrival in Moscow. — The articles he presents. — The hetman is granted boyar status; the starshyna are made nobles. — A new boyar seeks a match with a Moscow noblewoman. — Internal strife among Little Russians in Moscow. — Bad news from Little Russia. — Doroshenko—the successor to Teteria. — He destroys Opara and acts against colonels loyal to Moscow. — Desperate letter of Bishop Mephodiy. — Bryukhovetsky’s return to Little Russia. — Dissatisfaction among the clergy regarding the election of the metropolitan. — An alliance of the clergy with burghers against the hetman and the Cossacks. — Unrest in Pereyaslav and Zaporozhian Sich. — The trip of the clerk Frolov to Little Russia. — Cossack dissatisfaction with the hetman-boyar. — The voivode Sheremetev’s complaints about Bryukhovetsky’s greed. — Deepening anger of the clergy against the hetman. — The unselfishness of the Kyiv voivode Sheremetev. — Rebellion by the Pereyaslav Cossacks. — Bryukhovetsky advises harsh measures. — Disturbances in Zaporozhian Sich. — Moscow’s relations with Poland. — Ordin-Nashchokin’s note about the Polish alliance and the Tsar’s remarks on it. — Meetings in Durovich. — Polish stubbornness and the stopping of meetings. — Uprising by Lyubomirsky prompts the Poles to resume negotiations. — Andrusovo meetings. — Armistice. — The reason for the Poles’ willingness regarding Kyiv. — Terms of the Andrusovo armistice. — Polish embassy in Moscow. — Negotiations about the Polish nobility expelled from the Ukraine and about an alliance against the Turks and Crimeans. — The significance of the Andrusovo armistice. — A general view of the state of Little Russia.
Chapter 04. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
Disruption of finances during the thirteen-year war. — Issue of copper money. — Their fall in value. — Thieves’ money. — The Moscow uprising of 1662. — Cancellation of copper money. — The Tsar’s quarrel with the patriarch: its causes. — Nikon’s enemies. — Schism: its causes. — Book correction under Patriarch Joseph. — Unanimous chanting and sermons: an uprising against these innovations. — Book correction under Nikon. — Resistance of the earlier correctors. — The idea of the Antichrist. — Monk Kapiton. — Resistance of Solovetsky monks to corrected books. — Petition to the Tsar against Nikon. — Final break between him and the Tsar. — Removal to the Voskresensky Monastery. — Nikon’s calm. — Irritation resumes. — Inability to choose a new patriarch due to Nikon’s demands. — Nikon’s stay at the Cross Monastery. — The Council of 1660. — The protest of Slavenitsky. — The case of poisoning. — The Babarykin case. — Nikon’s letter to the Tsar on this matter. — Paisiy Ligarid. — His effort to reconcile Nikon with the Tsar. — Streshnev’s questions and Ligarid’s answers. — Nikon’s objections to those questions and answers. — Babarykin’s denunciation of Nikon. — Prince Odoevsky and Ligarid’s trip with associates to the Voskresensky Monastery regarding this matter. — Sending the monk Meletiy East with questions to the patriarchs concerning Nikon’s conduct. — Disturbances among the Constantinople Greeks. — The patriarchs give answers condemning Nikon. — The arrival of Athanasius of Ikonia in Moscow. — The Tsar’s difficult situation. — He sends Meletiy a second time to summon the patriarchs to a council in Moscow. — The charter of Nektariy, the Jerusalem patriarch, in favor of Nikon. — The Sytin case. — Nikon’s letter to the Tsar with the aim of preventing the council. — Nikon’s sudden arrival in Moscow and the Zyuzino case. — Nikon’s letters to the Eastern patriarchs are intercepted. — Arrival of the patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch. — Trial. — Condemnation. — Nikon’s exile to the Ferapontov Monastery. — His life there and correspondence with the Tsar.
Chapter 05. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
Moscow councils of 1666 and 1667. — Solovetsky uprising. — Cossack movements on the eastern Ukraine and their causes. — Plundering on the Volga. — Ryga settlement (fort). — Uprising of Vaska Us in Voronezh and Tula areas. — Stepan Razin. — His wrongdoing on the Volga. — Razin in the Yaitsky town. — His sea campaign. — Stepan in Astrakhan, surrendering. — The impression he made there. — Stepan rages in Tsaritsyn. — His summons to the voivodes. — Razin on the Don. — His second march on the Volga. — Capture of Tsaritsyn. — Beating of Moscow’s streltsy. — Betrayal of Astrakhan streltsy. — Capture of Astrakhan and bloody consequences. — Razin’s coming near Simbirsk and the retreat of Prince Boryatinsky. — Boryatinsky’s second arrival near Simbirsk and Razin’s defeat. — Rebellion all across the eastern Ukraine. — Movements of Mishka Kharitonov, Vaska Fyodorov, and Maxim Osipov. — Siege of the Zheltye Waters (Zheltovodsky) Monastery. — Unrest in Nizhny Novgorod. — Chief voivode Prince Yuriy Dolgorukiy. — Successful actions of the voivodes Leontyev and Shcherbatov. — Actions of the voivode Yakov Khitrovo. — Movements of Dolgorukiy. — Boryatinsky’s victories at Uren, Kandar atka, and near Turgenev. — Victories of Shcherbatov, Khitrovo, Leontyev, and Danila Boryatinsky. — Razin’s failure on the Don. — He is captured and executed in Moscow. — Cossack actions in Astrakhan. — Death of Metropolitan Iosif. — Failure of the Cossacks near Simbirsk. — Surrender of Astrakhan to voivode Miloslavsky. — Siege of the Solovetsky monastery. — Its capture.

Volume 12. End of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich (1645–1676)

Volume 12. Contents

Chapter 01. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
News from Bryukhovetsky about Turkish plans; denunciations against Zaporozhian Sich and Bishop Mephodiy. — Killing of the Tsar’s envoy Ladyzhensky in Zaporozhian Sich. — Letters of the zashkovy Vasuytenko to Bryukhovetsky in this regard—An investigation into Cossack complaints against the Poltava voivode. — The Tsar’s admonishing charter to the Cossacks. — Relations with Doroshenko. — Bishop Mephodiy’s displeasure with Moscow and his reconciliation with Bryukhovetsky. — Mephodiy’s plots against Moscow. — Tukalsky corresponds with Bryukhovetsky and finally persuades him toward treason. — The beginning of unrest in Little Russia. — The Tsar’s charter to Bryukhovetsky regarding these uprisings. — A decisive revolt against the Moscow voivodes in Little Russian towns. — Bryukhovetsky’s charter to the Don. — Polish instigations against the Cossacks. — Movements of Prince Romodanovsky. — Tatars and Doroshenko on the eastern bank of the Dnieper. — Bryukhovetsky’s death. — Doroshenko withdraws to the western side, and the eastern bank again pulls toward Moscow. — The appointed hetman Demyan Mnogogreshny. — Archbishop Lazar Baranovich and Archpriest Simeon Adamovich. — Baranovich’s charter to the Tsar urging forgiveness for the people of Little Russia and the removal of voivodes from them. — Bishop Mephodiy’s last activity. — The Tatars proclaim a new hetman—Sukhovenko. — Doroshenko’s difficult situation. — His relations with Mnogogreshny and with the Kyiv voivode Sheremetev. — A large embassy from Little Russia in Moscow. — A letter from Archpriest Simeon Adamovich to the Tsar. — Conversations between Mnogogreshny and Baranovich with Sheremetev’s envoy. — The Glohov Council: election of Mnogogreshny as hetman. — Relations with Poland and Sweden. — King Jan-Kazimir abdicates. — The question of electing the Polish king: Tsarevich Alexei Alexeyevich. — Ordin-Nashchokin’s last service. — His correspondence with the Tsar. — Election as Polish king of Mikhail Vishnevetsky. — Nashchokin’s meetings with Polish commissioners. — Nashchokin’s removal to a monastery. — Polish envoys Hninsky and Brostovsky in Moscow. — The matter of the return of Kyiv and the alliance against the Turks. — The Russian embassy in Turkey. — Events in Crimea.
Chapter 02. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
Concerns regarding Little Russia. — Baranovich’s letters to Moscow. — A new rival to Doroshenko—Khanenko. — Baranovich works to ensure the Glohov articles are not violated. — Mnogogreshny’s unreliability in Little Russia. — Doroshenko’s triumph. — Tukalsky’s scheming. — The Constantinople patriarch issues a curse against Mnogogreshny. — Baranovich’s claims. — The Tsar’s response to the Little Russian envoys. — An embassy from Moscow to the Constantinople patriarch in order to remove the curse from Mnogogreshny. — Doroshenko’s representations. — War on the western side of the Dnieper. — Mnogogreshny’s displeasure. — Embassies to him from Moscow. — Denunciations of the starshyna against the hetman. — Mnogogreshny is seized and brought to Moscow. — Charges brought against him. — Interrogation and exile of Mnogogreshny. — Exile of Serko. — A council in Kazachya Dubrovа. — Samoylovych is elected as hetman. — The adventures of the false prophet Vdovichenko in Zaporozhian Sich.
Chapter 03. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
The invasion of Turks into Poland. — Battle of Katoch. — Capture of Kamianets-Podilskyi. — Arrangements in Moscow regarding the Turkish war. — Release of Serko. — Arrival of the sons of hetman Samoylovych in Moscow. — News from the western bank. — Khanenko expresses his wish to submit to the Tsar. — Involvement/plot of Metropolitan Tukalsky. — Unsuccessful movement of Romodanovsky and Samoylovych toward the Dnieper. — Displeasure of the people of Little Russia toward the Tsar’s army and toward Prince Trubetskoy, the voivode. — Praises for Prince Romodanovsky. — Rumbling against Samoylovych. — Military actions on the Don. — Thief Mіyuska. — The impostor Semen in Zaporozhian Sich. — Serko’s behavior. — Doroshenko’s relations with Moscow. — Samoylovych strives to prevent the Tsar from accepting Doroshenko into his subjects. — Romodanovsky and Samoylovych on the western bank of the Dnieper. — Khanenko’s letter to Prince Trubetskoy. — Pereyaslav Council: election of Samoylovych as hetman of both sides. — Doroshenko asks to be accepted into the Tsar’s subjects. — Serko sends the impostor to Moscow; interrogation and execution of the thief. — Doroshenko evades taking the oath of allegiance to the Tsar. — The arrival of Tatars to his aid. — His brother Andriy is defeated by the Tsar’s troops. — Doroshenko’s envoy Mazepa, sent to the khan, is captured by the Zaporozhian Cossacks and sent to Moscow. — Mazepa’s testimony. — The Tsar does not release from Moscow the sons of hetman Samoylovych. — Romodanovsky and Samoylovych near Chyhyryn. — A new invasion by Turks and Tatars. — Russian troops retreat to the eastern bank. — The opinion of hetman Samoylovych on combining Russian troops with the Polish ones. — Romodanovsky’s charter to the Tsar. — A denunciation by Archbishop Baranovich against Archpriest Adamovich. — Arrival of the latter in Moscow on orders from the archbishop. — Samoylovych’s denunciations against Serko. — The hetman’s complaint against Archpriest Adamovich. — Serko’s relations with Moscow. — Turmoil in Kanev. — A new campaign of the Tsar’s troops to the western bank of the Dnieper. — Doroshenko’s difficult situation. — He appeals to Serko’s mediation. — In Moscow they do not accept this mediation. — Events on the Don.
Chapter 04. Continuation of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
Relations with Poland after the Turkish invasion. — Estrangement among Lithuanian senators and Poles regarding a peace with the Turks. — The Poles demand strong help from Moscow. — The Lithuanian hetman Pats advises not to provide such help and promises to submit with all of Lithuania to the Russian ruler. — Svydersky, the first Polish resident in Moscow. — Tyapkin, the first Russian resident in Warsaw. — Death of King Mikhail. — The question of electing Tsarevich Fyodor Alekseyevich to the Polish throne. — Election conditions. — Negotiations about them. — Tyapkin’s difficult situation and his complaints. — Royal elections. — Election of Jan Sobieski as king. — Different reports about the new king’s disposition toward Moscow. — The embassy of Venslavsky to Moscow. — Meetings of authorized representatives in Andrusovo. — The Poles make things difficult for Tyapkin and intimidate him with the king’s peace with the Turks. — Tyapkin’s complaints about Polish corruption: he begs Matveyev to recall him. — The resident’s trip to the king in Lviv. — Tyapkin’s son gives thanks to the king for school learning in Polish-Latin speech. — The old Tyapkin’s conversations with the lords. — His bitter reply to Hetman Pats, who mocked the Russian army. — The king’s address to the Russian resident. — The conduct of the Poles after removing the enemy. — Tsar Alexei’s relations with Austria, Sweden, and Denmark. — The idea of establishing a navy in the Baltic Sea. — Relations on this matter with Courland. — Relations with Holland, England, France, Spain, Italy.
Chapter 05. End of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
Relations with the Orthodox East: Greece and Georgia. — Relations with Persia. — Treaty with a company of Persian Armenians. — Built…