“Creativity” is the fourteenth novel by Émile Zola in the “Rougon-Macquart” cycle, devoted to members of one family who lived during the Second Empire—the period of Napoleon III’s dictatorship. First published as a separate book in 1886. At the age of eight, Claude Lantier was brought to Plassan by an elderly gentleman captivated by the quality of his drawings (see the novel “The Trap”). He also appears in another novel in the cycle, “The Belly of Paris.” In “Creativity,” Lantier—who resembles the Impressionist Paul Cézanne— is the childhood friend of the writer Pierre Sandoz, to whom Zola passed many of his own traits.
Together with Sandoz and other artists and sculptors, Claude struggles to introduce a new form of painting, far from the neoclassical canon popular at official exhibitions. If some of the artists eventually manage to win, Lantier goes from failure to failure, remaining misunderstood by the public and often by his own friends.