At the core of this book is a cycle of lectures I delivered as an introductory course for graduate students at the William White Institute of Psychiatry and for senior students of Bennington College. Accordingly, the book is addressed to students studying psychiatry and psychology, as well as to everyone interested in these sciences. As the subtitle shows, this is an introduction to the science of understanding the language of symbols. Therefore, I did not dwell on many more complex questions in this area—it wouldn’t align with the introductory nature of the book. For example, I consider Freud’s theory only to the extent it is presented in his work “The Interpretation of Dreams,” without taking into account the more complex concepts developed in his later writings. I also do not try to touch aspects of the language of symbols that, despite their importance for a comprehensive understanding of the problems in question, are more general in nature.