"The time of external slavery and internal liberation"—there is no better way to define this era than with Herzen’s words… Nikolai was not that stupid and soulless despot as he is usually depicted. A distinctive feature of his character, which by nature was not at all bad, was his unwavering loyalty to the principles he once adopted… A doctrinaire by nature, he stubbornly bent life to fit his own formulas, and when life slipped out of his hands, he blamed people’s disobedience… and continued down the same path without fail. He believed himself responsible for everything done in the state; he wanted to know everything and manage everyone—to know every quarrel between the leader and the governor and to oversee the construction of every guardhouse in a county town—and he exhausted himself in fruitless efforts to grasp the infinite and bring life into a symmetrical order… He was not a bad person—he loved Russia and served its good with astonishing selflessness, but he didn’t know Russia because he looked at it through the prism of his doctrine.”