The origin of “One Thousand and One Nights” is still far from fully understood; its roots are lost deep in the mists of centuries.
The earliest written accounts of the Arabic collection of tales framed by the story of Shahryar and Shahrazad—called “A Thousand Nights” or “One Thousand and One Nights”—are found in the works of Baghdad writers of the 10th century, the historian al-Masudi and the bibliographer an-Nadim, who refer to it as a work that had long been known and well established. Even then, information about the book’s origins was rather vague, and it was believed to be a translation of the Persian collection of tales “Hezar-Efسانe” (“Hazār-Efsāne”), supposedly compiled for Humai, the daughter of the Iranian king Ardashir (4th century BCE).