On June 23, 1935, at the invitation of A. M. Gorky, Romain Rolland arrived in Moscow—the famous French writer, Nobel laureate of 1916, whose books were very popular in the Soviet Union and were published here in larger print runs than in France itself. R. Rolland stayed in Gorky’s Moscow house, and here he had many meetings with writers, musicians, and artists. As was his custom, Rolland kept a detailed diary of his encounters, impressions, and reflections. In this diary, the month he spent in Moscow amounted to an entire volume—“The Moscow Diary,” which was first published in France only in 1960, and in the USSR in 1989.