In the late 20th century, humanity unexpectedly discovered that boys are the weakest link in modern upbringing: they get sick more often, learn worse, and commit crimes and risky acts more frequently. What is the nature of boyishness as a socio-cultural phenomenon? What determines the traits attributed to boys or ascribed to them? Are they always the same? What is the boy’s real position in today’s family, school, and society? How does he see himself and his body? How are ideas about masculinity formed and realized? What is it like for boys who cannot or do not want to match the proposed normative model? In what direction does modern gender pedagogy develop? Summarizing data from global interdisciplinary research, the scholar does not provide teaching recipes—but his book is necessary for everyone who is ready to think about these questions.