Cardiologist and expert in active longevity, Yaroslav Ashikmin, PhD in medical sciences, explains the role of biologically active supplements (BAS) in modern medicine—both evidence-based and alternative. He discusses whether vitamins can solve health problems and how effective BAS are in preventing serious diseases. The lecture covers topics such as: defining BAS and their difference from medications, from phytotherapy and homeopathy; positive and negative aspects of BAS and which ones are worth avoiding; possibilities for individually selecting BAS and combining them with medications; approaches to communicating with people and doctors who prefer BAS instead of medicines. Ashikmin notes that many doctors are not sufficiently informed about BAS, and emphasizes the importance of updating one’s knowledge based on new research—of which there have been many in recent years and which show a variety of results. The lecture presents the personal opinion of the doctor, with no conflict of interest and no dependence on manufacturers. Yaroslav Ashikmin is also an adviser to the general director of the Center for Expertise and Quality Control of Medical Care.