One of the most popular works by Gumilyov, “The End and the Rebirth,” reveals his famous theory of passionarity and explains the patterns behind the emergence and development of ethnoses, the fall and collapse of great empires. According to the scholar, in their development, ethnoses pass through certain stages; each stage has its own cultural, scientific, and social way of life, as well as social and legal institutions. Gumilyov’s bright and unusual book is based on extensive historical material and presented in an easy and engaging form.