In Valery Yarkho’s book, covering nearly three centuries—from the reign of Vasily the Dark to the beginning of Peter I’s reforms—a rich and, for the most part, rare body of material is gathered about foreigners who arrived to serve in Russia. Italians, Germans, Dutch, Greeks, Englishmen, and Scots; Swedes; and representatives of other European and non-European peoples went to Muscovy, drawn by rumors about the generosity of local rulers. Among them were architects, scribes, doctors, and actors—but there were even more soldiers and all kinds of adventurers, up to real pirates who operated with a privateering certificate issued by Ivan the Terrible. Some, having profited well from Russian soil, left for home, while others, on the contrary, settled here forever, put down roots, and served their new homeland faithfully to the end. Their descendants were already Russian by culture, language, and customs.