Direct mind-to-computer communication, telekinesis, implanting new skills directly into the brain, video recording of images, memories, and dreams, telepathy, avatars and surrogates as helpers for humanity, thought-controlled exoskeletons, and artificial intelligence. This is all our near future. In the coming decades we will learn to boost our intelligence using gene therapy, medicines, and magnetic devices. Science is developing rapidly in this direction. The nature of work and communication in social networks will change, as will the process of learning and, overall, human development. Many incurable diseases will be defeated—we will become different. Is our mind ready for the future? What awaits it there? These questions, relying on the latest research in neurobiology and physics, are answered by Michio Kaku, a futurist, science popularizer, and author of bestselling science books.
Contents:
Table of contents
Introduction
Twin revolutions
Increasing the mind’s capabilities
Mental illness touched by this revolution
What is the driving force of this revolution?
Book I Mind and Consciousness
1. Unveiling the mind
Broca’s brain
Brain map
An evolving mind
MRI: a window into the brain
Electroencephalogram
Positron emission tomography
Magnetism in the brain
Stimulating deep brain structures (neurostimulation)
Optogenetics—turning the brain on
The transparent brain
Four fundamental forces
New brain models
Is “reality” truly real?
The paradox of the split mind
Who is in charge?
2. Consciousness from a physicist’s perspective
How physicists understand the universe
Definition of consciousness
Consciousness Level III: simulating the future
What is humor? Why do we need emotions?
Why do we gossip and act silly?
Level I: stream of consciousness
Level II: defining your place in society
Level III: simulating the future
The riddle of self-awareness
Where to look for “I”?
Book II Consciousness above matter
3. Telepathy. Tell me what you think
Video recordings of the mind
Mind reading
Printing with the power of thought
Telepathic dictation and composing music
Telepathic headsets
MRI in a cell phone
DARPA and the human factor
Questions of privacy
Telepathy using nano-sensors
Questions of legality
4. Telekinesis. Consciousness controls matter
Treating spinal cord injuries
Revolution in prosthetics
Telekinesis in your life
Dexterity and the fusion of minds
Games with full immersion
Building a brain-net
Brain-net and civilization
“We will become part of their operating system”
Exoskeletons
Avatars and surrogates
Future
God’s power
The legend of morality
Change yourself: memories and intelligence
5. Memories and thoughts on demand
How we remember
Recording memories
Artificial hippocampus
Promising directions
Vision and memory
Remembering the future
Artificial cerebral cortex
Artificial cerebellum
Alzheimer’s disease—destroyer of memory
“The smart mouse”
Smart flies and dumb mice
“The smart pill”
Can memories be erased?
A “forgetful” medicine
What could go wrong?
Social and legal questions
The library of souls
The dark side of technology
6. Einstein’s brain and increasing intelligence
Can you learn to be a genius?
How to measure intelligence?
IQ tests and Dr. Terman
Life success and delayed gratification
New measures of intelligence
Boost intelligence
Savant syndrome—super geniuses?
Asperger’s syndrome and Silicon Valley
Scanning the brains of savants
Can you become a savant?
Photographic memory, or when the brain forgets how to forget
Stem cells for the brain
Genetics of intelligence
Primates, genes, and geniuses
Origins of the mind
The future of evolution
Physics of the brain
Final thoughts
Book III Altered Consciousness
7. In your dreams
The nature of dreams
Snapshots of dreams
How do we see dreams?
How to photograph a dream
Lucid dreaming
How to enter a dream
8. Can you control consciousness?
Controlling consciousness and the Cold War
CIA experiments on controlling consciousness
You fall asleep…
Consciousness-altering drugs and “truth serums”
How drugs alter consciousness
Probing the brain using optogenetics
Controlling consciousness and the future
9. Altered states of consciousness
Mental illnesses
Hallucinations
Obsessions
Bipolar affective disorder
Theory of mind and mental disorders
Deep brain stimulation
Wake up after a coma
Genetics of mental illness
Development prospects
10. Artificial intelligence and silicon consciousness
The media’s favorite scary story—robots are coming
The rise and fall of artificial intelligence
Pattern recognition and common sense
Is the brain a computer?
Do robots have consciousness?
Obstacles on the way
“The uncanny valley”
Silicon consciousness
Emotional robots
Emotions: highlighting what matters
A set of emotions
Programming emotions
nWill robots lie?
Do robots feel pain?
Ethical robots
Understanding or feeling?
Self-awareness in robots
Will robots seize power?
A friendly artificial intelligence
“I am a machine”
Merge with them?
11. Reverse engineering the brain
Building the mind
Three approaches to the brain
How to build a brain
Is it really the brain?
Analyze, inside and out
Human Connectome Project
Allen Brain Atlas
Objections to reverse engineering
Future
12. The future. Consciousness beyond matter
Out-of-body experiences
Near-death experiences
Can consciousness leave the body?
Immortality
Psychic disorder and immortality
The cave-person principle
Cave person and neurobiology
Gradual transfer
What is aging?
Nanobots—reality or fantasy?
13. The mind as pure energy
Freely floating energy beings
Faster than light?
14. Alien intelligence
First contact in this century yet
The SETI project and alien civilizations
Alien hunters
Drake’s equation
Why don’t they visit us?
First contact
Animal consciousness
Are bees intelligent?
What do they look like?
Postbiological era
What do they need?
Encounter with an alien astronaut
15. Final remarks
Bill Joy’s answer
How this will affect the future of consciousness
Wisdom and democratic debates
Philosophical questions
Philosophy and neurobiology
The miracle of consciousness
Appendix
Quantum consciousness?
Cosmic consciousness and the multiplicity of universes
Multiplicity of universes
A look in the mirror
Free will
Quantum brain
Bibliography
About the author
Acknowledgments