Introduction to Logic

A philosophical work devoted to the question of the essence of logic: whether it is an independent discipline or should be considered a part of the theory of knowledge. The problem of logic’s status—as an autonomous science or an element of broader philosophical knowledge, primarily epistemology—has long remained a matter of dispute and still has no clear solution today. In S. I. Povarnin’s “Introduction to Logic,” along with an analysis of the main forms and laws of correct thinking, fundamental philosophical disagreements about the nature of logic itself are also considered: to what extent it is independent and whether it is possible to separate it from epistemic premises. In the context of this discussion, the views of Vvedensky, Windelband, Schuppe, and Lapshin are presented. The author compares arguments in favor of logic’s epistemological conditioning and discusses whether there exists a “non-partisan” logic—neutral with respect to worldview. This is not only a guide to formal logic, but also a philosophical introduction to its foundations and meaning. Design: LLC “AST Publishing House,” 2025.