How did it happen that men in the family remained adherents of paganism, while women moved to the Christian faith? Could Christianity have established itself as the main religion of the Roman Empire if the reign of Emperor Julian the Apostate had lasted longer? How did pagans turn their idols into Christian symbols? We explore how paganism resisted the spread of Christianity during the IV–VI centuries together with Mikhail Alexandrovich Vedeshkin, Candidate of Historical Sciences and senior researcher at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IVI RAS).