A book that changed the course of psychology development by laying the foundation for individual psychology. Adler carefully analyzes the causes of neuroses and psychogenic conditions that influence the formation of a neurotic character. “Neurotic character” is considered a key point separating classical psychoanalysis from Adler’s psychology. The work presents important conclusions from a comparative study of neuroses and the features of a neurotic character, as well as psychogenic conditions that contribute to its formation.