Victor Hugo’s novel “The Man Who Laughs” takes place in England in the late 17th—early 18th centuries. Gwynplaine—born a lord—was sold to the bandits-comprachicos in childhood. They turned a child into a fairground jester, carving on his face a mask of “eternal laughter” (in the courts of European nobility of that time, there was a fashion for cripples and grotesque fools who entertained the masters and guests; the comprachicos’ activities were sometimes even encouraged).
Despite all ordeals, Gwynplaine preserved the best human qualities and his love.
One of the well-known adaptations is the 1928 silent film directed by Paul Leni, in which the novel’s classic ending is replaced with a happy ending.
The Man Who Laughs